Business Sustainability Development
The Company demonstrates its commitment to disclose important information and sustainable development performance to stakeholders accurately and transparently. The content covers the agricultural business and food industry primarily under the operation of the environment, society, and corporate governance that occurred within the past year, along with economic development to grow together sustainably from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023. The information is disclosed in accordance with the frameworks of the Corporate Governance Survey of Listed Companies (CGR) and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).
Sustainability Operation and Monitoring
The Board of Directors has appointed the Corporate Governance and Sustainability Committee to perform duties of supervision, consultation, review of the operations in corporate governance and sustainability development with relevant agencies, and preparation of the performance summary for the Board of Directors.
Managing Impact on Stakeholders in the Business Value Chain
The Company is aware of the impact on stakeholders of its business operations. Therefore, the Company has understood the needs of all groups of stakeholders to consider the appropriate approach for managing and defining material issues so that the Company is able to devise, predict, and respond to issues, including creating new products and services for customers with various needs, along with the implementation of the vision for a better economy, society, and environment.
Business value chain
Representing the relationship of business-related activities to reflect the Company’s commitment to adding value to products and services by reflecting the value that the Company hands over to stakeholders involved in each activity. It consists of activities throughout the value chain of 2 types as follows;
Main activity, It is a continuous chain of 5 main activities according to the context of commercial business as follows:
|
Activities in the value chain |
Related activities |
Stakeholders |
|
1. Production management: It is an activity that focuses on and support inputs, including the nature of the relationship between trade partners or suppliers of raw materials or those used as factors in the production. |
· Efficient procurement of quality raw materials. · Consideration to purchasing raw materials from small-scale palm growers or small farmers. · Set a fair buying price for fresh palm fruits. · Fair procurement and selection process without trade barring and discrimination. |
· Minor palm growers and fresh palm fruit suppliers. · Government agencies/regulators governing standards of raw materials and products. · Employees who process the procurement and purchasing of raw materials. |
|
2. Operation: |
· Efficiently produce and process raw materials. · Take into account the safety of the production process and reduce the waste that has an impact on the environment. · Inspect and control the quality of the products to meet the specified standards. · Use appropriate packaging to maintain product quality. · Manufacture products according to customer requirements. · Research and develop products that meet the needs of customers. |
· Partners who purchase products directly with the Company for distribution. · Counterparties/trading partners (in case of hiring the Company to produce own brand products). · Employees who are producing the products. · Government/regulatory agencies that regulate production standards. · Packaging manufacturer.
|
|
3. Distribution of products and services: It is an activity and channel for moving or delivering goods so that customers or consumers can access products and services. |
· The warehouse/distribution center is located in a suitable location, convenient for transportation, and has an overall management system that is environmentally friendly. · Warehouse/distribution center that uses modern technology in managing the orders. · Warehouse/distribution center is well equipped to store products efficiently and maintain product quality as well. · Select a standard transportation service provider and practice a fair hiring process. · Transport and deliver products with quality service and on time. |
· Warehouse lessor. · Transport contractors. · Warehouse staff. · Consumers. · Customer/Distributor (through other channels not owned by the Company). · Community and society surrounding the warehouse. |
|
4. Marketing and Sales: It is an activity to allow customers to obtain product information and have access to products to assist and facilitate decision making. |
· Finding distribution channels that provide consumers with easy access, such as the grocery stores, offline/online stores. · Set appropriate prices for the products and organize appropriate marketing activities. · Providing accurate and complete information of products to consumers in all communication channels. |
· Customers. · Distributors. · Distributing agents. · Sales employees/Employees who provide information. · Distributors (through other channels apart from the Company’s). |
|
5. After-sales service: It is an activity about providing services to customers. The Company is ready to develop to achieve maximum customer satisfaction. |
· There is a product and satisfaction guarantee. · There is a customer relationship management system to listen to opinions and suggestions. |
· Customers. · Distributors. · Distributing agents. · Sales employees of each product group. · Employees at call center or contact points/After-sales service employees. |
Support activities are activities that support the main activities to achieve the goals. They are no less important than the main activities. The Company has carefully implemented and adhered to the management criteria appropriately including human resource management, technological development for products and services, organizational management, transportation, and preparation of accounting and finance systems, etc.
Analysis in the Business Value Chain
Stakeholders are individuals or units that are related to the Company’s business operations, both direct and indirect, and divided into;
1) Stakeholders within the organization such as shareholders, employees.
2) Stakeholders outside the organization such as customers, partners, or communities.
The Company has assessed the expectations of the stakeholders through the process of listening to interviews, collecting reports of satisfaction surveys, small group meetings, workshops, or a channel for receiving complaints, etc., to be informed of the impacts and issues connected to the Company and all stakeholders, both positive and negative.
Upon knowing the expectations of the stakeholders, the Company has summarized the guidelines for meeting those expectations to reflect the cooperation and mutual value creation between the Company and all stakeholders. This can reduce various risks in the operations and is also considered as adding value to the business as well.
Stakeholder Shareholders and Investors
Involvement channel Annual General Meeting, Extraordinary meeting, Quarterly operating results clarification, Annual report, 56-1 One Report, Various communication channels such as website, e-mail, Line and Whistleblowing.
Suggestions/expectations/ interests of stakeholders
Responding to stakeholder expectations
Stakeholder Employees
Involvement channel
Suggestions/expectations/ interests of stakeholders
Responding to stakeholder expectations
Stakeholder Consumers and Customers
Involvement channel Opportunity to visit and inspect the production process. Various communication channels such as website, e-mail, phone, line, facebook and Complaint Channel (Whistleblowing).
Suggestions/expectations/ interests of stakeholders
Responding to stakeholder expectations
Stakeholder Trade partners, counterparties, outsourced manufacturers
Involvement channel Opportunity to visit and inspect the production process. Various communication channels such as website, e-mail, phone, line, Facebook and Complaint Channe l(Whistleblowing).
Suggestions/expectations/ interests of stakeholders
Responding to stakeholder expectations
Stakeholder Government agencies / regulators
Involvement channel Continuous participation in activities and projects. Preparation of reports Or disclosures.
Suggestions/expectations/ interests of stakeholders
Responding to stakeholder expectations
Stakeholder Community and society
Involvement channel
Suggestions/expectations/ interests of stakeholders
Responding to stakeholder expectations
Stakeholder Business Competitors
Involvement channel Complaint Channel (Whistle Blowing).
Suggestions/expectations/ interests of stakeholders
Responding to stakeholder expectations
Sustainability management in the environmental dimension
The Company strictly conducts its business under laws, requirements, rules, and regulations relating to the environment, as well as the use of energy and natural resources, with an emphasis on natural conservation, systematic waste management, and awareness of the management, supervision, and control of environmental impacts of business operations, while encouraging employees to be conscious and participate in showing responsibility for the environment in terms of the use of valuable resources.
Environmental Policies and Practices
The Company is determined to develop production technology to reduce environmental impact by adhering to the improvement of procedures, including raising awareness among employees at all levels. There are guidelines to promote technology development by considering environmental impacts, promoting energy and natural resource conservation, promoting and complying with laws, promoting trust in society and communities, and promoting training to raise awareness of employees at all levels.
Practices
Impact Assessment
The Company conducts business in the form of a palm oil production plant and relevant products. Therefore, at the beginning of the production, there will be a lot of water and electricity consumption in order for the production process to be able to continue. At the end of the production process, there will be waste, such as wastewater and palm waste. The Company has considered the impact and found that environmental issues have a serious impact on the Company. Accordingly, the Company has established guidelines to comply with strict occupational health and safety principles and laws, regulations, and procedures related to the environment.
Performance on environmental works
1) Energy management
Electricity is considered an important energy in the operation of the Company’s machinery and is considered a high cost if the Company has to purchase electricity from outside for use in the production process. The Company supports and promotes energy conservation to achieve the cost-effective use of energy and create maximum benefits to the organization, support standards as required by law, along with raising awareness for employees to understand and participate in the sustainable energy management of the organization.
Electricity Consumption Target
Details of setting goals for electricity and/or fuel management
|
Target(s) |
Base year(s) |
Target year(s) |
|
Reduction of electricity purchased for consumption |
2024 : purchased electricity for consumption 1,043,920.00 Kilowatt-hour |
2029 : Reduced by 10% or 104,392.00 Kilowatt-hour |
Performance in the Past Year
The Company cannot generate electricity to be used in the production process and all other sections due to less fresh fruit palm than previous years and wastewater from the production process that was used to generate electricity has decreased. In addition, the machines had been shut down for repairs for longer than previous year.
|
Electricity Consumption Statistics; |
Unit |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
Total electricity consumption |
Mwh-Hr. |
23,456,344 |
21,210,772 |
19,288,102 |
|
The amount of electricity purchased |
Mwh-Hr. |
412,800 |
1,043,920 |
644,160 |
|
The amount of electricity purchased or generated from renewable energy sources. |
Mwh-Hr. |
23,043,544 |
20,166,852 |
18,643,942 |
|
External electricity usage costs |
Million Baht |
3.81 |
5.92 |
3.81 |
|
The amount of electricity produced and sold to the electricity authority |
Mwh |
5,939 |
3,892 |
4,922 |
|
Income from selling electricity |
Million Baht |
24.00 |
14.22 |
18.53 |
Remark : The amount of electricity used from external sources in 2025 will decrease due to an increase in fresh palm fruit, resulting in higher wastewater volumes, in order to produce more renewable energy.
|
Energy management: Electricity consumption |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
|
Total electricity consumption within the organization (Kilowatt-Hours) |
23,456,344.00 |
21,210,772.00 |
20,327,630.00 |
|
|
Electricity purchased for consumption from non-renewable energy sources (Kilowatt-Hours) |
412,800.00 |
1,043,920.00 |
644,160.00 |
|
|
Electricity purchased or generated for consumption from renewable energy sources (Kilowatt-Hours)(1) |
23,043,544.00 |
20,166,852.00 |
19,683,470.00 |
|
Remark : (1) The amount of electricity used from external sources in 2025 was decreased due to an increase in fresh fruit bunch, resulting in higher wastewater volumes, in order to produce more renewable energy.
2) Information on water management
Water management
The Company realizes the importance of maximizing the use of water to achieve the best value. Therefore, 4 measures to save water and processes to care for the water system have been established as follows:
Measure 1 Maintenance measures for water pipelines and water distribution systems within the production process to reduce leakage.
Measure 2 Measures to classify the water inside the factory and classify the water suitable for use to achieve the maximum value usage of water.
Measure 3 Measures to bring wastewater from production process (Reject RO) back to use as tap water (Grade B water supply) in order to reduce the amount of raw water that comes into production.
Measure 4 Water monitoring measures – Water system administrator has a summary report of water consumption compared with the quantity of production in order to inform the water user department of the water consumption ratio of each department every month.
Water consumption target
|
Details of setting goals for water management |
Base year(s) |
Target year(s) |
|
Reduction of water withdrawal |
2024 : Water withdrawal 582,457.00 Cubic meters |
2029 : Reduced by 10% or 58,245.70 Cubic meters |
Performance in the Past Year
2.1) Wastewater Management
Due to the fact that some of the processed water cannot be reused in the process of Reject RO to be water supply (Grade B Water Supply). This water will be separated into wastewater wells for biogas production or as renewable electricity to be used in the manufacturing process or to be taken into the final treatment process, which contains high minerals for watering the gardens of the surrounding farmers who require water during the dry season. The Company has projects for biogas production technology and wastewater management for energy and environmental conservation, as well as a pipeline project for water that has passed the treatment process to animal feed development stations and farmers around the establishment to manage the Company’s water and wastewater.
The company’s business operation involves employing CPO crushing mills and refinery plants. The company has comprehensive ranges of industrial agricultural business, with more than 39 years of business operation. And for a very long time, the major and recurring issue in the company business operation has always been waste water management. Polluted water resulting from the manufacturing process can cause serious environmental harms, generate health and hygiene pollutions such as bad odors and insect infestation. These can directly affect the surrounding communities and the production of the company as well as contribute or even exacerbate global warming situation as a result of the greenhouse gas emissions entailed in the production processes.
The company aware of the environment and the use of natural resources to their maximum advantage and continue to focus our attention on environmental conservation and make sure that they remain in good conditions well into the future. In accordance with policies as determined by the Ministry of Industry, the company has set up biogas system which is an anaerobic waste water management system in our continued effort to conserve energy and preserve the environment. The biogas resulted from the waste water management process will be reused as a renewable source of energy in the production system of the company’s refinery plants. The construction to expand and modify the production system was first initiated in 2006 with phase 2 of the modification completed in 2014. This is to ensure that the production cycle of the company’s business operation can handle waste water resulted from production process as efficiently and as effectively as possible.
Project Objectives and Goals for this project, It is to include biogas technology fermentation tank A+CSTRth (Appropriate + Completely Stirred Tank Reactor, Thailand) and other related components to handle waste water from Palm Oil production process. It is also to produce biogas as another source of renewable energy and to reduce pollution caused by waste water and waste water treatment system of the plants. In general, the company’s objectives for biogas technology application in waste water management shall be elaborated as follows.
Biogas technology is used in the company’s waste water management in palm oil production. Biogas fermentation tank technology, A + CSTRth (Completely Stirred Tank Reactor + Appropriate, Thailand), and A + UASBth (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket, Thailand), A + HCSRth (Appropriate High Sludge Concentration, Reactor + Thailand), is the main water treatment technology which does not involve air as the main component to digest organic matters found in the contaminated water with high concentration of suspended matter and COD. With bacteria that can digest organic matter without air, the organic compounds with be transformed into biogas components which can then be collected and reused as another source of renewable energy within the production plant.
Waste water that has been treated via fermentation tanks from A+CSTRth, A+UASBth, and A+HCSRth values with reduced dirt in the form of COD for approximately 90 %. For sewage sludge from fermentation tanks, it is to be sent to filter out solid organic waste and can then be used as organic fertilizer. Treated water that goes through the filter will be passed over to even more advanced treatment system-in open pond system-in order to achieve proper quality of water that can be used as water-based fertilizer in future planting.
Benefits for Surrounding Communities : The Biogas technology employed can help lowering insect infestation and other problems between communities with factories. The quality of life and mental health of the community shall be improved as well and possible contamination natural water sources can be minimized, if not entirely eradicated.
|
Wastewater Management Statistics |
Units |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
The amount of wastewater from the production process |
Cubic meters |
227,418 |
201,133 |
269,331 |
|
Manufactured for electrical power |
Mkh. |
11,404 |
8,232 |
9,760 |
Remark: The amount of wastewater discharged from the system in 2025 will be additional than what is needed due to the increased volume of fresh palm fruit entering the system.
This project is a corporative attempt between three authorities, which are Chumporn Palm Oil Industry Public Company Limited, Animal Food and Agriculture Development Center, Chumporn Province and palm plantations of farmers who live around the factory. To send waste water that has gone through a final waste water treatment and filled with mineral nutrients to water Napier grass fields in Animal Food Development Station of Chumporn Province as animal food and as renewable energy and to send waste water that has gone through a final wastewater treatment to oil palm plantations of the farmers who live around the factory. This shall reduce the production costs because the reduced use of chemical fertilizer and also help alleviating water shortage problems.
Routes for Pipelines Distributing Cleaned Waste Water : The water pipes for water undergone the water therapy and the product after the biogas production systems will be sent to Animal food Development Station of 2.8 km distance and the water can be released into the oil palm plantation of the farmers in the area. This is an alternative to chemicals-based fertilizer. The pipelines end at Animal Food Development Station. The water send in the pipelines will be kept in 25 m3 in 2 tanks and will be used by the center to water napier grass which is a high quality food source for animals, both in terms of productivity and nutrients it provide. Additionally, the napier grass can be used to produce energy as well. It is considered a type of biomass. The grass is high in organic fiber and humidity. It can be used to produce energy by burning after initial humidity reduction process. It can also be fermented to produce biogas or Methane gas.
In addition, the water that has gone through therapy is also released into Angola grass fields within the center. Angola grass is a main food source for cattle. At the present, it is relatively rare and can be very expensive because the relevant government agencies have not been encouraging farmers to grow them continuously and systematically.
At present, the company still sends treated water to the Animal Food Development Station of Chumporn Province and palm plantation in Kantasaphr Village, Mhu 2, Tambol Salui, Amphur Ta-sae and palm plantations of farmers who live around the factory. This service we provide to the surrounding community has continued to receive good response because our water management process does not harm but greatly benefit the daily life of the people within the community.
The company is still committed to conduct business while paying close attention to the importance to the environment. Corporate social responsibility will continue to be our long-termed goals which allow for sustainable development and peaceful community forever.Benefits to the Environment : The technology helps with maintaining environmental quality by reducing air pollution in soil and in water and also limit water contamination problems to nature and the technology helps with the reduction of methane bass emissions to the atmosphere that is among the main contributing factors to global warming by using them as renewable energy sources.
|
Statistics on treated water management : |
Units |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
The amount of treated wastewater |
Cubic meters |
227,416 |
201,133 |
269,331 |
|
The amount of treated wastewater released for agriculture |
Cubic meters |
201,760 |
232,041 |
289,390 |
|
The amount of management cost when idling |
Million Baht |
30 |
35 |
43 |
Remark : The amount of wastewater discharged from the production process in 2025 increased from the previous year due to the increased volume of fresh fruit bunch entering the production process and the amount of treated water supplied for agriculture increased due to the addition of two more sprinkler systems for water distribution.
|
Water management: Water withdrawal by source |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
Total water withdrawal (Cubic meters) |
611,981.00 |
582,457.00 |
608,130.00 |
|
Water withdrawal by third-party water (cubic meters) |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
Water withdrawal by surface water (cubic meters) |
611,981.00 |
582,457.00 |
608,130.00 |
|
Water withdrawal by groundwater (cubic meters) |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
Water withdrawal by seawater (cubic meters) |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
Water withdrawal by produced water (cubic meters) |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
Water management: Water discharge by destinations |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
Percentage of treated wastewater (%) |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
Total wastewater discharge (cubic meters) |
201,760.00 |
232,041.00 |
289,390.00 |
|
Wastewater discharged to third-party water (cubic meters) |
201,760.00 |
232,041.00 |
289,390.00 |
|
Wastewater discharged to surface water (cubic meters) |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
Wastewater discharged to groundwater (cubic meters) |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
Wastewater discharged to seawater (cubic meters) |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
Water management: Water consumption |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
Total water consumption (Cubic meters) |
410,221.00 |
350,416.00 |
318,740.00 |
|
Water management: Recycled water consumption |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
Total recycled water for consumption (Cubic meters) |
64,067.00 |
74,661.00 |
48,884.00 |
3) Information on waste management
Waste Management
The company encourages employees to sort waste at the source in order to recover recyclable materials before disposing of the non-reusable waste. The company has established procedures for waste management to ensure proper control and handling in an appropriate and correct manner.
Waste Management Goal
Performance in the Past Year
|
Waste management: Waste Generation |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
Total waste generated (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
18,161,540.00 |
|
Total non-hazardous waste (kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
18,151,010.00 |
|
Non-hazardous waste - Landfilling (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
0.00 |
|
Non-hazardous waste - Incineration with energy recovery (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
0.00 |
|
Non-hazardous waste - Incineration without energy recovery (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
0.00 |
|
Non-hazardous waste – Others (kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
18,151,010.00 |
|
Total hazardous waste (kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
10,530.00 |
|
Hazardous waste - Landfilling (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
0.00 |
|
Hazardous waste - Incineration with energy recovery (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
0.00 |
|
Hazardous waste - Incineration without energy recovery (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
0.00 |
|
Hazardous waste – Others (kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
10,530.00 |
|
Waste management: Waste reuse and recycling |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
Total reused/recycled waste (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
18,161,360.00 |
|
Reused/Recycled non-hazardous waste (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
18,151,010.00 |
|
Reused non-hazardous waste (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
0.00 |
|
Recycled non-hazardous waste (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
18,151,010.00 |
|
Reused/Recycled hazardous waste (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
10,350.00 |
|
Reused hazardous waste (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
4,400.00 |
|
Recycled hazardous waste (Kilograms) |
N/A |
N/A |
5,950.00 |
4) Information on greenhouse gas management
Managing to reduce problems of greenhouse gases
The Company pays attention to management to reduce greenhouse gas problems caused by various activities within the factory with the management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as follows:
5) Roundtable on Sustainable palm oil (RSPO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) is a sustainable palm oil production standard that is environmentally friendly and responsible for the community. Due to the global demand for palm oil which results in a continuous expansion of the palm plantation area, this activity has an impact on the society, environment, and local community. From the pressure of the consumers, the palm oil industry has come up with a sustainable palm oil production initiative to support the growth and sustainable use of palm oil produced from upstream to downstream.
There are seven established criteria for palm plantations according to the RSPO standard as follows;
Each principle has its own criteria, indicators, and guidelines to apply for a certification for sustainable palm oil production.
The Company realizes the importance of society, community, and environment. Therefore, the practices have been adjusted at every step from upstream to downstream to meet the requirements and criteria of the RSPO and are submitted for Sustainable Palm Oil Production (RSPO) certification until the Company has received RSPO Certification since year 2019 as follows;
6) CPI Learning Center
To be successful in a palm plantation, good management is considered very important no less than selecting good varieties of the palm trees. The company aims, therefore, that farmers can manage their plantation knowingly and effectively. This is the very reason why in 2013, we established “CPI Learning Center” to help local farmers to learn more and comprehensively about palm oil production. The materials provided at the Center include publications, academic papers both by the company’s research and from acquired experience from working in the industry for more than 40 years in more than 20,000 acres of oil palm plantation. The Learning Center is located in Amphoe Ta-SAE of Chumphon province and it consists of a learning center building. Pathways that visitors can take to observe a variety of oil palm trees. At the center, we also exhibit common barn owls. The center has been opened from 2014 onwards. The services provided are free of charge.
Target : To encourage farmers or those interested in palm planting to have knowledge and understanding in caring for palm plantations in order to obtain good yields and a high percentage of oil.
Statistics on the number of visitors and training;
|
Details |
Unit |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
Visitiors |
person |
250 |
628 |
419 |
|
General trainees |
person |
2,142 |
5,720 |
620 |
|
Professional palm plantation management trainees |
person |
157 |
313 |
63 |
7) Using Common Barn Owl to eliminate rat in palm plantations Project
The company gives priority to the environment by providing a using common barn owl to eliminate rat in palm plantation project. This is to reduce the damage caused by a collapse on insects and pests population control without using chemicals, which would affect the ecological system. This project will help reduce the cost of using chemical substances and shall cause farmers to pay attention to and care more towards the natural, chemicals-free approach in dealing with pests and infestation. The company provides training courses for anyone who is interested from 2014 onwards.
Common Barn Owl is one of the local birds of Thailand. They are in every region throughout the country. They are nocturnal and often live near a human community. Normally, they use niche in a building, a nook or a roof space as their nests. Their preying behavior includes catching preys in the open spaces like pasture fields, farm or especially in oil palm plantations. The mating period is often during the month of September to February. The number of eggs in each nests 5-7 eggs. The hatching takes about 30 days to hatch. Every day, the birds will incubate the laid eggs for 18 hours. During this time, male bird will be the one preying and bring in foods to the nests for both the mother and baby birds every day.
From our study of the birds’ spew around the nests, we found that common barn owl living in oil palm plantation areas often take wild rats as their favorite food source to almost 100%. From this discovery, we then calculate that the birds can eat on average 1-2 rats of wild rat a year (or 350-700 rats). This large number of rats within plantation, if left alone, will induce loss to the palm production of more that 1.1-2.5 tons per acres, which amounts to Baht 5,500-12,500 per acre per year (Fresh Oil Palm Fruits Branch at Baht 5 per kg.) At the same time, farmers will have to pay for chemicals and other pests repellent products which will increase the production cost for more than Baht 700-1,400 per acre per year.
Information on incidents related to legal violations or negative environmental impacts
|
Number of cases and incidents of legal violations or negative environmental impacts |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
|
Number of cases or incidents of legal violations or negative environmental impact (cases) |
0 |
0 |
0 |